1ce655d4-9a6a-4df3-b986-3c814f42ab87 Composite bars with diameters from Ø 6 mm to Ø 33 mm The data selected for LCA originate from ITB-LCI questionnaires completed by Comrebars Sp. z o. o. and verified during data audit. No data collected is older than five years and no generic datasets used are older than ten years. The representativeness, completeness, reliability, and consistency is judged as good. The background data for the processes come from the following resources database Ecoinvent v.3.10. Specific (LCI) data quality analysis was a part of the input data verification. The allocation rules used for this EPD are based on general ITB PCR A. Production of the Composite bars is a line process conducted in factory of Comrebars Sp. z o. o. located in Stropkov (Slovakia). Allocation was done on product mass basis. All impacts associated with the extraction and processing of raw materials used for the production of the declared product are allocated in module A1 of the LCA. Impacts from the global line production of Comrebars Sp. z o. o. were inventoried and 100% were allocated to Composite bars production. Water and energy consumption (electricity, natural gas), associated emissions and generated wastes are allocated to module A3. Packaging materials were taken into consideration. Minimum 99.0% input materials and 100% energy consumption (electricity, natural gas) were inventoried in a processing plant and were included in the calculation. In the assessment, all available data from production have been considered, i.e. all raw materials/elements used as per formulation process, utilized thermal energy for heating, and electric power consumption. Thus, material and energy flows contributing less than 1 % of mass or energy have been considered. It can be assumed that the total sum of neglected processes does not exceed 1 % of energy usage and mass per modules A or D. Machines and facilities required during production are neglected. The packaging products (stretch film, pallets, etc.) are included. 1 2025 2030 "2025-02-17" - "2030-02-17" 2025-02-17 - - GFRP composite bars are the answer to the needs of the construction sector in terms of a successor to reinforcing steel, e.g. beams, slabs. For the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. The bars can be used as poles in gardening and as posts for fences in pastures. ComRebars composite bars are not only cheaper per meter by up to 25% (than carbon steel and by up to 50-60% than galvanized and stainless steel), but also significantly reduce the required thickness of concrete. Other advantages of composite bars over steel bars: they reduce material losses during cutting by 90% compared to steel; - more cost-effective transport, logistics, personnel, speed and ease of installation that does not require as much heavy equipment and maintenance; - due to their durability and non-reactivity, they do not require repair, replacement or renovation in concrete; - composite bars are characterized by 2.5 times higher strength than AIIN steel; - are a durable, long-lasting material, resistant to water, including salt water and other aggressive environments, which is why they are used in ports and water infrastructure, where they easily replace several times more expensive stainless steel; - nine times lighter than steel, increasing transport efficiency many times. Composite bars are resistant to chlorides, acids and chemicals, can be used in acidic and alkaline environments. Due to this, they are great for the construction of sewage and in the aquatic environment. They do not create an obstacle to the penetration of electromagnetic waves. They are an electrical insulator and do not conduct electricity - they can be used in magnetic resonance units in medical centers. composite bars have a low thermal conductivity coefficient ?, they are a thermal insulator. composite bars have more than a hundred times lower thermal conductivity compared to steel bars. Below in Table 1, there are produced diameters of ComRebars composite bars covered by EPD. All additional technical information about the product is available on the manufacturer's website. - EPD NPCR Part A: Construction products and services. Ver. 1.0. March 2021 specific dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) The life cycle analysis (LCA) of the declared products covers: product stage – modules A1-A4, end of life – modules C1-C4 and benefits and loads beyond the system boundary – module D (cradle-to-gate with options) in accordance with EN 15804+A2 and ITB PCR A (v 1.6) . Energy and water consumption, emissions as well as information on generated wastes were inventoried and were included in the calculations. It can be assumed that the total sum of omitted processes does not exceed 5% of all impact categories. In accordance with EN 15804+A2, machines and facilities (capital goods) required for the production as well as transportation of employees were not included in LCA. ITB-EPD_746_Comrebars-Sp.-z-o.-o.-Composite-bars-with-diameters-from-O-6-mm-to-O-33-mm.pdf Ph.D. Eng. Halina Prejzner EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant LCA.no AS 2025-04-01T11:40:07 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.03.000 2025-04-01T09:37:15.0359476Z ITB-EPD Poland 746/2025 Comrebars Sp. z o. o. true Free of charge for all users and uses None ITB-EPD Poland Composite bars with diameters from Ø 6 mm to Ø 33 mm General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 3.380000000000 0.034000000000 0.183000000000 0.003540000000 0.008600000000 0.003540000000 0.003190000000 0.000427000000 -0.036300000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.220000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 3.600000000000 0.034000000000 0.001790000000 0.003540000000 0.008600000000 0.003540000000 0.003190000000 0.000427000000 -0.036300000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 48.200000000000 2.430000000000 9.200000000000 0.247000000000 0.116000000000 0.247000000000 0.222000000000 0.026300000000 -0.316000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 2.950000000000 0.000000000000 0.586000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 51.200000000000 2.430000000000 0.684000000000 0.247000000000 0.116000000000 0.247000000000 0.222000000000 0.026300000000 -0.316000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.012100000000 0.001120000000 0.004640000000 0.000082700000 0.000010600000 0.000082700000 0.000074400000 0.000000000000 -0.000191000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.007620000000 0.000010500000 0.000000086500 0.000000911000 0.000000059100 0.000000911000 0.000000820000 0.000000000000 -0.000011600000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000093900000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.021900000000 0.000273000000 0.000318000000 0.000031000000 0.000031500000 0.000031000000 0.000027900000 0.000003790000 -0.000573000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.196000000000 0.003410000000 0.000318000000 0.000277000000 0.000001200000 0.000277000000 0.000249000000 0.000000038300 -0.002210000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 6.920000000000 0.064500000000 0.015900000000 0.004920000000 0.000062400000 0.004920000000 0.004420000000 0.100000000000 -0.061500000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000066300000 0.000000618000 0.000088000000 0.000000018400 0.000000087000 0.000000018400 0.000000016600 0.000000148000 -0.000000834000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000996000000 0.000102000000 0.000000522000 0.000000764000 0.000000120000 0.000000764000 0.000000687000 0.000000000000 -0.000004280000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000003630000 0.000000120000 0.000000011100 0.000000006180 0.000000001050 0.000000006180 0.000000005560 0.000000000000 -0.000000398000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.052600000000 0.000759000000 0.000022200000 0.000000000000 0.000346000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 -0.000859000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.020000000000 0.002160000000 0.000016000000 0.000067500000 0.000076000000 0.000067500000 0.000060700000 0.000008880000 -0.000378000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 3.290000000000 0.181000000000 0.073200000000 0.016700000000 0.006980000000 0.016700000000 0.015000000000 0.001060000000 -0.009000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 -0.015000000000 0.000057800000 0.000809000000 0.000056800000 0.000200000000 0.000056800000 0.000051100000 0.000010600000 -0.000000540000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 3.300000000000 0.181000000000 0.049800000000 0.016600000000 0.006850000000 0.016600000000 0.015000000000 0.001050000000 -0.009000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.002580000000 0.000071100000 0.000012600000 0.000006520000 0.000002400000 0.000006520000 0.000005870000 0.000001070000 -0.000041300000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 0.004060000000 0.000571000000 0.000005470000 0.000020400000 0.000011000000 0.000020400000 0.000018300000 0.000003060000 -0.000033600000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.000893000000 0.000009910000 0.000000792000 0.000001120000 0.000013000000 0.000001120000 0.000001010000 0.000000306000 -0.000013700000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 0.042900000000 0.006310000000 0.000056600000 0.000222000000 0.000093000000 0.000222000000 0.000200000000 0.000033300000 -0.000451000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000068100 0.000000003250 0.000000001720 0.000000003850 0.000000000140 0.000000003850 0.000000003460 0.000000000320 -0.000000001690 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.015100000000 0.001920000000 0.000070400000 0.000068000000 0.000026000000 0.000068000000 0.000061200000 0.000009640000 -0.000108000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 51.200000000000 2.430000000000 0.684000000000 0.247000000000 0.116000000000 0.247000000000 0.222000000000 0.024300000000 -0.316000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000244000000 0.000000451000 0.000000007870 0.000000058900 0.000000033400 0.000000058900 0.000000053000 0.000000003560 -0.000002680000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 0.814000000000 0.010200000000 2.130000000000 0.001140000000 0.002400000000 0.001140000000 0.001030000000 0.000141000000 -0.023400000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 kg CO2 eqv.