24431582-2de8-41e7-9dee-91d5422d9359 Box furniture, wardrobes, shelving units, storage units The data selected for LCA originate from ITB-LCI questionnaires completed by the producer. No specific data collected is older than five years and no generic datasets used are older than ten years. The representativeness, completeness, reliability, and consistency are judged as good. The background data for the processes come from the following resources: database Ecoinvent v.3.11 and KOBIZE (Polish electricity mix and combustion factors for fuels). KOBIZE data is supplemented with Ecoinvent data on the national electricity mix impact where no specific indicator data is provided. Specific (LCI) data quality analysis was a part of the input data verification. The time related quality of the data used is valid (5 years). The allocation rules used for this EPD are based on general ITB ’s document PCR A. Production of the covered furniture products is a complex process (as presented in Figure 2) conducted in the manufacturing plant located in Tarnowo Podgórne. Input and output data from the production is inventoried and allocated to the production on the mass basis. The declaration covers all furniture products manufactured in the plant. Their production resources and processing stages are basicly similar, so it is possible to average the production by product weight. Minimum 99.0% input materials and 100% energy consumption (electricity, gas, other) were inventoried in a processing plant and were included in the calculation. In the assessment, all available data from production have been considered, i.e. all raw materials/elements used as per formulation process, utilized thermal energy for heating , and electric power consumption. Thus, material and energy flows contributing less than 1 % of mass or energy have been considered. It can be assumed that the total sum of neglected processes does not exceed 1 % of energy usage and mass per modules A or D. Machines and facilities required during production are neglected 1 2026 2031 "2026-06-15" - "2031-05-29" 2026-06-15 - - This declaration covers box furniture, wardrobes, shelving units, storage units like C8, STEPPS, WOO, QORE, L2, K2, TIVI, K CABINETS. STEPPS Modular Stepps shelving units are the foundation of visual organization of objects. They are a must-have for people who value beautiful order in their surroundings combined with functionality, precise construction, and solid execution. The Stepps shelving unit is a universal and timeless piece of furniture, and its undeniable advantage is the fact that it can easily be adapted to other furniture in the room. The shelf modules allow for the creation of wall-mounted, corner, and freestanding shelves with access from both sides. Their stable construction is created by interconnected metal ladder shelves at heights ranging from 1 to 7 shelf levels. Stepps shelving units have no limits in their use, as they are perfect for both a wide range of offices, homes, and public places. QORE Qore is a modular storage furniture system designed as the organizational core of the office — its base and point of reference. Just as the core forms the foundation of a structure, Qore brings order to space by integrating functionality, ergonomics, and aesthetics. Its minimalist form, refined proportions, and flexible configuration make it possible to create both standalone pieces and expanded layouts tailored to users’ needs. Qore supports everyday work in modern offices, executive rooms, and open-plan spaces. L2 Small storage lockers, providing a variety of alternative choices. Locker cabinets are units of small compartments locked with a key or combination lock, with an optional paper slot drop. A practical solution to store personal belongings in offices, changing rooms or dining facilities. A well-thought out structure which enables limitless configurations and arrangements, but most of all, which permits an ergonomic design of even the tiniest space. A large diversity of cabinet front and body colours allows to individually design the space in order to satisfy the needs of every interior. K2 The K2 container system is a proposal for complementary furniture, compatible with all office furniture and reception desk systems. The most important feature that distinguishes K2 containers is their functionality and ease of use. The equipment is selected individually, so the product will fulfill its role in industries of different specifics. K2 adapts to the user and their needs. K2 containers are available as standard without handles, but there is also the possibility of their installation. They are available in two depths and in versions with legs or wheels. Above all, these are solid and stable pieces of furniture, which also make perfect seating. They can be additionally equipped with a counterweight that stabilizes the entire structure, which is particularly useful in containers with file frames, and drawers can be equipped with organizers that allow for maintaining order in handy items. TIVI Tivi TV cabinets are synonymous with minimalism, elegance, and reliable functionality. They offer a thoughtfully designed storage solution that adds charm to any interior. Ideal for conference rooms, common areas, and home interiors where aesthetics and order are of utmost importance. Tivi is a product dedicated to those who value high-quality craftsmanship, refined details, and distinctive design. It meets the expectations of the most demanding users, enhancing the prestige and functionality of any space. Available in several sizes, they can easily be adapted to various spatial layouts. All additional technical information about the product is available on the manufacturer's website and catalogues. - EPD NPCR Part A: Construction products and services. Ver. 1.0. March 2021 specific dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) The life cycle analysis of the declared products covers “Product Stage” A1-A3, C1-C4+D modules in accordance with EN 15804 and ITB PCR A (cradle to gate with options). Energy and water consumption, emissions as well as information on generated wastes were inventoried and were included in the calculation. It can be assumed that the total sum of omitted processes does not exceed 2% of all impact categories. In accordance with EN 15804+A2, machines and facilities (capital goods) required for the production as well as transportation of employees were not included in LCA. ITB-EPD_972_Fabryka-mebli-BALMA-S.A.-Box-furniture-wardrobes-shelving-units-storage-units.pdf Ph.D. Eng. Halina Prejzner EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant LCA.no AS 2026-08-05T13:42:46 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.03.000 2026-08-05T11:33:56.367952Z ITB-EPD Poland 972/2026 Fabryka Mebli BALMA S.A. true Free of charge for all users and uses None ITB-EPD Poland Box furniture, wardrobes, shelving units, storage units General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 83.400000000000 0.263000000000 50.900000000000 0.085600000000 0.148000000000 264.000000000000 0.000125000000 -290.000000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 81.800000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 83.100000000000 0.000000000000 -76.400000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 165.000000000000 0.263000000000 50.900000000000 0.085600000000 0.148000000000 371.000000000000 0.000951000000 -390.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 573.000000000000 16.100000000000 25.200000000000 1.050000000000 9.060000000000 30.200000000000 -1.310000000000 -186.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 26.100000000000 0.000000000000 0.001530000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 26.000000000000 1.320000000000 -9.920000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 600.000000000000 16.100000000000 25.200000000000 1.050000000000 9.060000000000 43.400000000000 0.103000000000 -214.000000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 2.760000000000 0.007210000000 0.021100000000 0.000073500000 0.004050000000 0.015900000000 0.000023000000 -0.179000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.612000000000 0.000094600000 0.947000000000 0.000000329000 0.000053100000 1.770000000000 0.000000579000 -1.630000000000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.002210000000 0.000000000000 -0.002210000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.190000000000 0.001950000000 0.039000000000 0.000555000000 0.001100000000 0.047600000000 -0.000020200000 -0.601000000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 1.120000000000 0.023100000000 0.166000000000 0.010500000000 0.013000000000 1.090000000000 0.000116000000 -2.300000000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 32.200000000000 0.496000000000 1.670000000000 0.525000000000 0.279000000000 6.390000000000 0.168000000000 -24.100000000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.006240000000 0.000004750000 0.000006760000 0.000000103000 0.000002670000 0.000147000000 0.000000633000 -9.580000000000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000560000000 0.000000000000 -0.000560000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.134000000000 0.000193000000 2.330000000000 0.000045200000 0.000108000000 0.002510000000 0.000000332000 -0.002450000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000014600000 0.000001020000 0.167000000000 0.000000007800 0.000000575000 0.010100000000 0.000000002830 -0.010100000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.549000000000 0.007060000000 0.005650000000 0.000325000000 0.003970000000 0.426000000000 0.000001760000 -0.102000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 12.000000000000 0.003650000000 0.002760000000 0.000695000000 0.002050000000 0.018400000000 0.000035300000 -0.029600000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 40.400000000000 1.140000000000 3.940000000000 0.033700000000 0.640000000000 13.600000000000 0.007510000000 -20.600000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 -10.800000000000 0.000727000000 0.193000000000 0.000086300000 0.000409000000 10.800000000000 0.000011700000 -0.207000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 51.100000000000 1.140000000000 3.740000000000 0.033600000000 0.639000000000 2.780000000000 0.007490000000 -20.000000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.064000000000 0.000378000000 0.000324000000 0.000006080000 0.000212000000 0.020400000000 0.000003490000 -0.368000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 1.280000000000 0.001230000000 0.000781000000 0.000090800000 0.000691000000 0.016300000000 0.000020200000 -0.011200000000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.004690000000 0.000077700000 0.000131000000 0.000108000000 0.000043600000 0.001260000000 0.000000363000 -0.002440000000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 14.000000000000 0.013400000000 0.008300000000 0.000770000000 0.007510000000 0.069600000000 0.000135000000 -0.107000000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000000687000 0.000000024800 0.000000068400 0.000000000382 0.000000013900 0.000001010000 0.000000001410 -0.000001280000 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 3.990000000000 0.005540000000 0.003960000000 0.000224000000 0.003110000000 0.023800000000 0.000040900000 -0.031600000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 599.000000000000 16.100000000000 25.200000000000 1.050000000000 9.060000000000 42.800000000000 0.103000000000 -178.000000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000308000000 0.000003920000 0.000006980000 0.000000024100 0.000002200000 0.003750000000 0.000000008800 -0.007660000000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 7.150000000000 0.084500000000 0.132000000000 0.023700000000 0.047500000000 2.340000000000 0.000341000000 -56.700000000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 51.200000000000 1.139273000000 3.747000000000 0.033613700000 0.639591000000 2.800000000000 0.007498300000 -20.393000000000 kg CO2 eqv.