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General comment The data selected for LCA originate from ITB-LCI questionnaires completed by Ceramika Tubadzin II Sp. z o.o. and verified during data audit. No data collected is older than five years and no generic datasets used are older than ten years. The representativeness, completeness, reliability, and consistency is judged as good. The background data for the processes come from the following resources database Ecoinvent v.3.9.1 (clay, feldspar, kaolin, sand pigments, paper, carton, other, EUR-flat pallet, structural timber). Specific (LCI) data quality analysis was a part of the input data verification.
The allocation rules used for this EPD are based on ITB PCR A and EN 15804+A2. Production of the ceramic tiles is a line process conducted in Ceramika Tubadzin II sp. z o.o. s.k. Allocation was done on product mass basis. All impacts associated with the extraction and processing of raw materials used for the production of ceramic tiles are allocated in module A1 of the LCA . Impacts from the global line production were inventoried and 100% were allocated to the ceramic tiles production. Water and energy consumption, associated emissions and generated wastes are allocated to module A3 Packaging materials were takien into consideration.
Type of the EPD is: cradle to gate - with options. The following life cycle stages were considered. Production stage including: A1 - Raw material extraction and processing, A2 - Transport to the manufacturer and A3 - Manufacturing, A4 - Transport to Site, A5 - Installation, End-of-life stage: C1 - Deconstruction, C2 - Transport to waste processing, C3 - Waste processing, C4 - Disposal (landfill). This includes provision of all materials, products and energy, packaging processing and its transport, as well as waste processing up to the end-of waste state or disposal of final residues. EPD includes D module- declaration of all benefits and loads beyond product system. Energy and water consumption, emissions as well as information on generated wastes were inventoried and were included. It can be assumed that the total sum of omitted processes does not exceed 5% of all impact categories. In accordance with EN 15804+A2, machines and facilities (capital goods) required for the production as well as transportation of employees were not included in LCA. 99.8% materials submitted for the formulations and production data were taken into consideration. In the assessment, all available data from production have been considered, i.e. all raw materials/elements used as per formulation process, utilized thermal energy for heating, and electric power consumption. It can be assumed that the total sum of neglected processes does not exceed 0.5 % of energy use and mass per modules.
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